NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MEMORY DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALIZED BRAIN DAMAGE

Abstract

The article analyzes the neuropsychological features of memory disorders in patients with localized brain damage. The study focuses on the relationship between structural changes in the brain and functional memory impairments, in particular short-term, verbal and visual memory. Advanced neuroimaging methods, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are used to identify the location of brain damage and assess its impact on cognitive function. Particular attention is paid to how damage to different parts of the brain causes specific memory disorders. It has been found that the level of verbal and visual memory retention varies significantly depending on the location of the lesions. Patients with frontal lobe lesions demonstrated difficulties with organizing and recalling information, while temporal lobe lesions were associated with a deficit in long-term memory retention. The results showed the presence of statistically significant correlations between verbal and visual memory in patients with localized brain damage, as well as a weak influence of age on these cognitive indicators. A pronounced impairment of short-term memory in patients with ischemic infarctions and selective deterioration of verbal memory in lacunar infarctions were noted. It was found that patients with lesions of the subcortical and brainstem structures have significantly reduced visual memory performance, while damage to cortical structures showed a lower level of connections with modality-specific memory impairment. The importance of an integrated approach to the diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with memory impairment has been proved. The results obtained indicate the need to develop individualized rehabilitation programs for memory restoration depending on the location and type of lesions.

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