THE IMPACT OF ANTICIPATION ON THE PROCESSES OF SOLVING PROBLEM-TYPE TASKS

Abstract

The article analyzes the impact of anticipation on the processes of solving problem-type problems. It is theoretically substantiated that anticipation is one of the important activity factors which motivates a person to make certain decisions with a temporal and spatial bias and act in accordance with the expected result. It has been found that the process of solving problem-type tasks is determined by specific conditions that have an impact on the formation of certain operational decision algorithms and approaches to their forecasting in the future. It is theoretically substantiated that problem-type tasks are those related to the complexity of situations arising in various spheres of human activity. It was determined that when solving problem-type tasks, anticipation, in addition to the prognostic function, has a number of functions related to the management of forecasting processes, which allows an individual to independently approach the choice of the necessary (given and sought), calculate the most successful solution options, and change independent decision algorithms by means of biased modeling of the desired perspective. The cognitive aspect of anticipation is revealed as the main mechanism for the formation of a personal coordinate system in which there is a reproduction of past events, a situational assessment of the present and the selection of the necessary methodological tools for creating different variants of anticipation schemes, or “images” of the future result. It was determined that the cognitive aspect of anticipation allows an individual not only to effectively interact with the surrounding world at the level of individual perception of information from the outside, but also to modify it with the further implementation of “new scenarios” in the process of specific activity at the level of choosing the appropriate strategy for achieving the goal. It was found that such cognitive components of the psychological complex of the personality as structuring, dynamic recognition and formation of the decision algorithm are involved in the anticipation processes, which directly participate in the processes of advanced planning of probable future outcome scenarios. It was determined that the research of anticipation at the level of collective activity can be considered promising, where there is a need for collective problem-solving at the level of taking into account and considering the opinions of all members of the team, or a management group of people involved in solving general collective problems.