Науковий часопис Українського державного університету імені Михайла Драгоманова. Серія 12. Психологічні науки
В науковому фаховому періодичному виданні презентуються результати вивчення актуальних теоретичних і методологічних проблем психологічної науки; нові результати емпіричних досліджень у галузі психології. Розкриваються актуальні питання загальної, вікової, педагогічної та соціальної психології, психології особистості, психодіагностики, консультативної психології, психотерапії тощо.
Український державний університет імені Михайла Драгоманова
THE ROLE OF MANAGER’S PERSONALITY TRAITS IN STIMULATING AND DEVELOPING CREATIVITY IN BUSINESS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
This article examines the relationship between managers’ personality traits and their capacity to stimulate employee creativity within business organisations. In today's dynamic and highly competitive environment, where innovation has become a critical driver of organisational success, understanding which psychological characteristics of a leader foster the creative potential of their team is of particular relevance. The study aims to identify the key psychological predictors of creative leadership and determine the conditions under which these factors are most effective. The research draws on both theoretical methods – including analysis and synthesis of scholarly literature in personality psychology, organisational behaviour, creativity, and leadership and empirical methods: a survey of 147 mid-level managers from 28 commercial organisations using the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) and a purpose-built Creative Leadership Influence Scale (CLIS), developed on the basis of the problem-solving demand model. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, multiple regression analysis, and interaction effect testing. The findings indicate that among the Big Five personality traits, openness to experience is the strongest predictor of a manager’s ability to stimulate employee creativity (β = .22, p < .001). Conscientiousness also demonstrated a statistically significant positive effect (β = .19, p < .01), reflecting its role in supporting the implementation phase of the innovation process. The overall explanatory power of the model was R² = .57. Moderation analysis revealed that contextual factors – specifically, employee autonomy and team climate – substantially modify the relationship between personality characteristics and creative leadership behaviour: in less supportive organizational environments, openness to experience becomes an even more critical personal resource. An integrative model was developed that incorporates both individual and psychological and contextual variables in predicting creative leadership. The study concludes that effective creativity-supportive leadership is the product of a complex interaction between manager’s personality traits and the characteristics of the organizational environment. The findings carry both theoretical and practical implications and may inform management development programs aimed at enhancing the innovation capacity of teams.
creativity, manager, personality traits, leadership, organisational behaviour, creativity stimulation, openness to experience, creative leadership.
VIRTUAL RESOURCES IN THE STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR ADULT PERSONALITY
The article provides a theoretical analysis of virtual tools in the structure of psychological support for adults under conditions of prolonged stress and social instability. It analyses contemporary scientific approaches to understanding psychological support as a multi-level system that ensures the preservation of subjectivity, psycho-emotional well-being and adaptive potential of a person. It has been established that virtual means of psychological support perform psychoeducational, regulatory, cognitive, and socio-communicative functions, contributing to the development of self-regulation, reduction of psycho-emotional tension, and maintenance of psychological balance in adults. Based on the results of theoretical generalisation, it has been established that digital and virtual psychological assistance tools should be considered as a supplementary yet structurally significant component of the psychological support system. The integration of virtual tools into the psychological support system for adults proves to be most effective when digital resources are combined with personal, social and professional factors of support at multiple levels. It has been shown that the effectiveness of using virtual tools depends on the level of personal awareness, the ability to reflect and integrate the experience gained into everyday life. It is emphasised that virtual tools alone cannot replace traditional psychological support; however, their integration into a comprehensive model of assistance contributes to maintaining psychological well-being and increasing stress resistance. They also expand the self-help resources available to adults in today’s social environment. The practical value of the model lies in its ability to combine resources at different levels for comprehensive support in stressful situations. Further research should focus on long-term evaluation, protocol standardisation, and digital inclusion.
psychological support, adult personality, virtual tools, digital resources, stress resistance, self-regulation, psychological well-being.
SELF-DESTRUCTIVE PERSONALITY DISPOSITION
The article is based on many years of research into the problem of personality self-destruction and its psychological determination. Self-destruction is viewed as a stable personality trait (disposition), as a real, generalized mental structure that initiates auto-aggressive, self-destructive (turned against oneself) behavior, ensures its stability across different situations, and directs a person’s activity toward the deliberate infliction of physical or psychological harm. This article presents the results of a theoretical and empirical study aimed at examining the factor structure of personality in individuals with different levels of self-destructive tendencies. The relevance of studying the manifestations and indicators of self-destructive behavior in the present time is due to increasing stress levels. Approaches to understanding self-destruction, its signs, and its determinants are reviewed. Theoretically, a range of personality traits that contribute to the manifestation of self-destructive tendencies has been identified. The results of the study of individual psychological characteristics associated with manifestations of self-destruction. The empirical study was conducted using the questionnaire "Self-Destructive Tendency" and the Freiburg Personality Inventory (Das Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar, Freiburg Personality Inventory, FPI). The results of quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data obtained are presented and analyzed. The features of the personality factor structure are described, encompassing a wide range of characteristics that distinguish representatives of groups with high and low levels of self-destructive tendencies. Through the analysis of factor profiles of representatives of the groups, the most dominant personality traits associated with manifestations of self-destruction and anti-vitality were identified for each group. The results obtained reveal the psychological content of the self-destructive personality disposition and provide information about its psychological determinants.
personality, self-destructive disposition, personality structure factors, self-destructive tendencies, antivitality, self-directed aggression, psychological determinants.
TYPES AND CONTENT LOAD OF THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF STRESS IN ADULTHOOD
The article provides a theoretical synthesis of approaches regarding stress in adulthood as a multi-level process of personal adaptation that is realized through the interaction of internal regulatory mechanisms and external environmental demands. The types and semantic load of the structural components of stress in adulthood are substantiated, and cognitive, emotional, behavioral and social components are distinguished. The theoretical analysis employs the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, and generalization of scholarly sources that elucidate the phenomenon of stress and the mechanisms of coping with it in adulthood. It is shown that the cognitive component ensures the appraisal of event significance, the interpretation of threat and situational controllability, and serves as a determinant of subsequent reactions. The emotional component reflects the intensity and duration of subjective tension and performs a signaling function regarding the state of resources. The behavioral component represents coping strategies and concrete actions through which tension is transformed into ways of overcoming or avoiding stressors. The social component highlights the importance of human support, interpersonal ties, and role demands as factors that modify vulnerability to stress and the effectiveness of coping. It is argued that a structural analysis of stress in adulthood is productive for differentiated psychodiagnostics and the selection of targeted interventions.
stress, adulthood, cognitive appraisal, emotion regulation, coping strategies, self-regulation, social support, stress resilience, psychological adaptation.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PERCEPTION OF MANIPULATIVE MEDIA CONTENT: INTERNATIONAL THEORIES AND UKRAINIAN PRACTICE
The article presents a theoretical and psychological analysis of the phenomenon of propaganda as a specific type of media content aimed at shaping collective beliefs and regulating emotional and volitional states in the digital environment. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing intensity of information and psychological operations and the transformation of media behavior during wartime, when algorithmic platforms amplify polarization and the excess of signals provokes cognitive simplifications. The paper generalizes key theoretical approaches from global and Ukrainian scholarship (social learning theory, agenda-setting, propaganda model, genetic psychology of personality) and systematizes the main psychological mechanisms of propagandist influence: framing and priming, repetition effect, emotional contagion, cognitive heuristics, and symbolic violence. It is demonstrated that susceptibility to manipulation varies across social groups: young people are more vulnerable to the influence of social media; middle-aged audiences interact with hybrid media flows and adapt their trust in information sources; older groups rely predominantly on television and traditional mass media. Special attention is given to digital technologies (algorithmic recommendations, bot networks, targeting, deepfakes) that increase emotional tension, create information overload, and reduce critical reflection. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying its results to develop educational programs on media literacy and information self-regulation, psychological support initiatives in information crises, and improvements in state communication policy. The study also suggests the creation of diagnostic indicators for assessing group vulnerability to manipulative influence. Future research directions include empirical measurement of cognitive and emotional effects of propaganda, verification of psychological resilience strategies, and the development of digital hygiene tools to strengthen citizens’ psychological stability in the hybrid media environment.
propaganda, media content, psychological influence, cognitive biases, information and psychological operations, media literacy.
INTRAPERSONAL MATURITY AS A FACTOR IN THE STABILITY OF ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LGBTQ+ INDIVIDUALS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
The relevance of this study is determined by the need for an empirical analysis of the psychological factors underlying the stability of romantic relationships among members of the LGBTQ+ community in the context of chronic social pressure, stigmatization, and anticipated rejection. Minority stress is associated with increased emotional tension, difficulties in self-regulation, and the formation of insecure attachment patterns, which complicates the maintenance of stable partner relationships. At the same time, the role of intrapersonal maturity as a resource for stabilizing romantic relationships remains insufficiently explored empirically. The aim of the article is to provide an empirical justification for the role of intrapersonal maturity in the formation of stable romantic relationships among LGBTQ+ individuals. The study was conducted using a mixed-methods design that combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. The instruments included the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR-S), the Intrapersonal Maturity Questionnaire developed by O. Shtepa, the Marital Potential Diagnostic Method, semi-structured interviews, and written reflections titled “My Ideal Partner.” The results revealed statistically significant inverse relationships between the level of intrapersonal maturity and indicators of anxious and avoidant attachment. Higher levels of reflection, responsibility, and emotional self-regulation were associated with more conscious partner selection, lower emotional dependence, and greater relationship stability. Qualitative analysis of the interviews identified typical patterns of relational experience, including partner idealization, fear of the social visibility of relationships, devaluation of one’s own needs, and expectations of emotional “rescue” within the partnership. The results obtained indicate that intrapersonal maturity functions as an important psychological resource for stabilizing romantic relationships and mediates the influence of socio-psychological stressors on partner interaction.
intrapersonal maturity, romantic relationships, LGBTIQ+ individuals, attachment styles, emotional regulation, minority stress, psychological counseling
THEORETICAL MODEL OF PERCEPTION, COMPREHENSION AND PRESENTATION OF THE SELF-IMAGE OF AN ADULT PERSONALITY
The article presents a thorough theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of the adult self-image within the context of the contemporary socio-cultural environment, characterised by dynamism, the multiplicity of social roles, and increasing demands on self-presentation, subjectivity and adaptability. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that adults increasingly find themselves in situations where they must not only be aware of their own identity, but also actively construct, reinterpret and present their self-image in various life contexts – professional, social and communicative. It is shown that despite the significant number of scientific works dealing with the problems of self-awareness, self-concept and identity, psychology remains fragmented in its analysis of the self-image. In most studies, researchers focus either on the internal psychological structures of self-perception or on the socio-role values of self-presentation, which complicates the process of comprehensively understanding the formation and functioning of the self-image. Within the scope of this study, a systematic analysis was conducted on foreign and domestic scientific approaches to the study of self-concept and identity, taking into account the principles of psychodynamic, humanistic and socio-psychological schools. The author’s theoretical model of the perception, comprehension and presentation of the self-image of an adult is presented, which is based on the integration of the cognitive, emotional and behavioural components of the self-concept. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the conceptual approach of N.V. Chepelyova, according to which an individual’s self-awareness functions as a narrative and interpretative process of making sense of life experience. The theoretical significance of the study lies in overcoming the fragmentary nature of approaches to the analysis of the self-image. The practical value of the model is linked to the possibility of its use in psychological counselling and psychotherapeutic work with adult clients.
self-image, self-awareness, self-concept, identity, interpretation, self-perception, self-understanding, self-presentation.
INTERPERSONAL SENSITIVITY AS A KEY ELEMENT OF BANK EMPLOYEES' COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW AND EMPIRICAL STUDY
This article examines interpersonal sensitivity as a core component of communicative competence among banking professionals, offering both a theoretical synthesis and original empirical evidence. The study addresses a gap in the Ukrainian psychological literature, where the socio-perceptual dimensions of professional communication in financial services remain underexplored. Drawing on contemporary frameworks of social perception, the paper analyses the construct’s structure, functions, and practical relevance in service-client interactions. The study employs a mixed-method design within a descriptive research strategy, combining standardized quantitative measurement with qualitative thematic analysis. Theoretical methods included systematic analysis and comparison of scholarly sources. Empirical data were collected using the authors' original Interpersonal Sensitivity Questionnaire for Banking Professionals (ISQ-BE), comprising 18 Likert-scale items across three theoretically grounded subscales: emotional-perceptive sensitivity, communicative adaptability, and motivational involvement. Content validity was established through independent expert review. The pilot sample comprised 84 employees of banking and financial institutions, with internal consistency confirmed at Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation; open-ended responses were processed through manual thematic coding. The findings reveal statistically significant positive correlations between all three subscales and self-reported communicative effectiveness. The strongest association was observed between emotional-perceptive sensitivity and communicative adaptability supporting the theoretical view that accurate emotional perception and behavioral flexibility are functionally interdependent. Qualitative analysis identified attention to non-verbal cues and empathic listening as the primary facilitative factors, while absence of feedback and communicative ambiguity emerged as the main barriers to effective client interaction. These results position interpersonal sensitivity as a systemic psychosocial resource underpinning professional communication quality and subjective perceptions of occupational effectiveness. Future research should focus on validating the factorial structure of the ISQ-BE on larger and more representative samples, examining how interpersonal sensitivity develops across professional career trajectories, and evaluating the impact of targeted training interventions designed to cultivate this capacity among client-facing banking staff.
interpersonal sensitivity, communicative competence, bank employees, questionnaire, screening study, empathy, professional interaction.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AN INDIVIDUAL’S ALTRUISTIC ORIENTATION AND FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY ADULTHOOD
The article focuses on identifying the characteristics of the relationship between an individual’s altruistic orientation and the factors influencing its development in early adulthood. To achieve the aim and objectives of the study, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied, which made it possible to identify and interpret the significance of the relationships examined. Significant positive relationships were found between a high level of altruistic orientation and (a) elevated social responsibility, whereby altruistic orientation is associated with a sense of duty to the society and a willingness to assume responsibility for social processes even under conditions of risk or societal pressure; (b) consideration of others’ needs and interests in moral decision-making, where life situations are assessed in terms of how different actions may affect others and where individuals strive to achieve mutual benefit or act in the interests of social harmony, others’ well-being, and the maintenance of fair social relationships in society; and (c) a high level of empathy and readiness to help others, including acting in accordance with one’s moral principles even in challenging circumstances, as well as supporting social justice through the application of sanctions against norm violators to maintain social fairness and harmony. The identified significant relationships indicate that altruistic orientation in early adulthood is not merely a consequence of social desirability or external expectations but is also rooted in deeply held moral convictions that motivate individuals to act, even when such actions may be difficult or dangerous. Altruistically oriented individuals tend to show higher levels of empathic care, manifested in more profound concern for others. The findings suggest that the early-adult participants in the study demonstrate substantial potential for prosocial interaction aimed at the development of altruistic behavior; subsequent research will focus on the conditions under which this potential can be effectively realized.
social responsibility, social justice, empathic care, moral decision-making, moral convictions, prosocial interaction, altruistic behavior
FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AMONG STUDENTS DURING A PERIOD OF FULL-SCALE WAR
Objective. The article is focused on the analysis of specific features and transformations of students’ national identity during the period of the full-scale invasion. Research methods. Two surveys of students of humanitarian specialties were conducted with an interval of two years (2021 and 2023). The total sample consisted of 224 respondents aged 16-23, among them 180 girls and 44 boys. For the empirical study, we used the self-determination test “Who am I?” by Kuhn and McPartland, the modified scale “Expression of ethnic identity” by Finney, the questionnaire “Civic identity” by I.R. Petrovska. The average indicators of the formation of national identity components before and after the full-scale invasion were compared. By analyzing students’ free self-descriptions, it was determined that the category of national identity is most often represented by the nouns “Ukrainian”, “patriot”, “citizen of Ukraine”. The prevalence of responses reflecting national or ethnic identity after a full-scale invasion was found to be increasing among students. The ranking position of these answers has shifted to the top of the list, i.e. the national characteristic has become a priority over other social roles of young men. There has been a significant increase in the cognitive and affective components of ethnic identity, indicators of patriotism and civic activity of students, but the tendency to emigrate remained at the same level. Conclusions. After the beginning of the full-scale invasion, pro-Ukrainian patriotic sentiments and their behavioral implementation have significantly increased in the student environment. Ethnic, national, civil and local identities have become the subject of comprehensive reflection of young men and women, a conscious and subjectively significant part of self-concept. A characteristic feature of self-identity construction during this period is that, in addition to the image of “I am Ukrainian”, it includes the image of opposition (a common enemy). The results obtained should be taken into account in the educational process with students, as they are useful for understanding the psychological changes in Ukrainian society caused by life in the conditions of a full-scale war.
self- identity, youth age, social identity, ethnic identity, civic identity, patriotism, psychological consequences of war.
RESEARCH OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND MULTICOMMUNICATIVE EMPATHY AS COMPONENTS OF FUTURE TEACHERS’ PERSONAL READINESS TO WORK IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Objective. The article outlines the essence of personal readiness of future teachers to work in an inclusive educational space and ensure its quality. Emotional intelligence and empathy are defined by the components of personal readiness. The results of the study of emotional intelligence and multicommunicative empathy as components of personal readiness, in particular components of emotional intelligence, are analyzed: emotional awareness, management of one’s emotions, self motivation, empathy and recognition of other people’s emotions, as well as the importance of its development for future pedagogical workers, in particular in the conditions of inclusive education. The importance of its development for future teachers in inclusive education is emphasized. The features of the manifestation of high, medium and low levels of partial emotional intelligence revealed in the participants under study are described. In addition, the manifestation of empathy as a scale of emotional intelligence is described in more detail on the basis of the analysis of the results of the diagnosis of the level of multicommunicative empathy according to the scales defined by the methodology: the manifestation of empathy towards parents, animals, elderly people, children, characters of works of art and towards strangers or unfamiliar people. The peculiarities of the manifestation of empathy according to the very high, high, medium, low and very low levels found in the respondents are described. Research methods: theoretical (analysis, systematization and generalization of research results); empirical (methods “Diagnostics of “emotional intelligence” (N. Hall) and “Diagnostics of the level of polycommunicative empathy”). The content of the methods, namely the components of the phenomenon studied, make it possible to assess the ability of future teachers to understand others, expressed in emotions, and manage the emotional sphere on the basis of decision-making. The study involved 365 students of pedagogical specialties (“Primary Education”, “Secondary Education” and “Special Education”) from 16 higher education institutions of Ukraine. Conclusions. According to the specified methods, the predominance of the average level was recorded, which, taking into account the subject of our scientific research, we consider a positive trend. Conclusions have been outlined and prospects for further scientific research have been formed.
future teacher, readiness to work in an inclusive educational space, personal readiness, emotional intelligence, components of emotional intelligence, empathy.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS THE SUBJECT OF STUDY IN PSYCHOLOGICAL LITERATURE
The article is focused on the issue of studying emotional intelligence in scientific literature. The main purpose is to theoretically analyze the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the study of the problem of the features of the manifestation of emotional intelligence, its influence on the formation of the emotional sphere of the individual. The expediency of studying the problem mentioned is determined by the variability of society, the constant transformational processes of the social environment of the individual, which directly affect the formation of his/her emotional sphere and require the development of adaptation potential. Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive and understand emotional expressions of a person, to manage one's own emotions based on intellectual processes. Individuals with a high level of emotional intelligence have the ability to analyze and realize both their own emotions and the emotions of other people, to manage their own emotional sphere. This contributes to greater adaptability of the individual and the effectiveness of their communication. With the help of theoretical research methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization), a detailed review of the state of development of the problem to date was carried out, the main approaches to the study of the phenomenon under study were provided. Based on a thorough analysis of modern research by Ukrainian and foreign scientists, it was stated that emotional intelligence has its own complex structure, which includes: the ability to identify and adequately express emotions, self-regulation of emotional manifestations, the ability to use emotions in thinking and activity. The development of these components helps to manage one's own emotions and experiences, realize and perceive the feelings of others, and use the information received to manage thinking and behavior. The influence of the development of emotional intelligence on the adaptive capabilities of the individual was also revealed. It has been established that the phenomenon of emotional intelligence has close relationships with such psycho-emotional states of a person as empathy, anxiety and aggression. The data obtained made it possible to determine the main directions of further research, and also contributed to the development of an indicative scheme for the experimental study of this phenomenon.
emotional intelligence, emotional development, empathy, anxiety, aggression, aggressiveness, adolescence, psycho-emotional states.
THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL BURNOUT ON THE CONDITION OF ADOLESCENTS DURING THE WAR
The purpose of the study is to identify the level of parental burnout and the impact of this condition on the psychological state of adolescents. The sample was formed according to the M-method, families (at least 2 people: a child and a parent) were selected from two groups: families from the territories affected by the conflict (42 families in total), and families from the western regions of Ukraine, which were less affected by the war (59 families in total). Among the subgroups of parents, both mothers and fathers with at least one adolescent child aged 12 to 18 years were represented. The sample for this study consists of 101 families, divided into two groups: 42 families from conflict areas and 59 families from less affected regions of Ukraine. Parental burnout is defined using a model based on the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA) methodology (Mikolajczak et al., 2020). In terms of well being, two scales are used: the “Positive Mental Health Scale” is aimed to assess the severity of an individual’s life activity and the “Modified BBC Subjective Well-Being Scale” which provides a detailed assessment by subscales: psychological well-being, physical well-being and relationships (2022). Accordingly, the defined constructs will make it possible to assess the relationships between the defined phenomena. The presented empirical study showed that parental burnout is quite common in families living in war-torn conditions. We were also able to identify predictive demographic and contextual factors that contribute to burnout. In particular, the proximity to the combat zone, the level of education of parents and their professional involvement, and parents’ social network are the most significant. The main demographic factors (age, gender, family composition, etc.) have no pronounced influence on the characteristic under study. The results obtained confirm that the parental burnout syndrome is a significant predictor of a decrease in well-being among adolescents. In particular, such manifestations as emotional exhaustion from the parental role and the experience of over-saturation in interaction with the child have the strongest influence.
parenthood, emotional burnout, adolescents, well-being, combat, exhaustion.
SEMANTIC ILLOGICALITY IN THE PROCESS OF THINKING
Objective. The article is aimed at establishing an empirical connection between semantic illogicality and other properties of thinking. Illogicality is defined as the semantic opposite of judgments, which is objectified in contradictory theses that cannot be true at the same time. The author assumes that illogic is one of the lower levels of thinking and is actualized in the case of an individual’s inability to rise to the operationalization of cognitive material using the laws of formal logic. Research methods: theoretical (analysis of procedural characteristics of thinking); empirical (“Method of textual gaps”); mathematical statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, oscillation coefficient, correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis). The results. Mathematical and statistical analysis of the empirical material showed that the use of illogical formulations in the construction of meaning is typical for more than half of the researched. At the same time, the number of such formulations is insignificant and fluctuates quite strongly, so that it is possible to establish the regularity of their appearance. It is characteristic that the number of illogical formulations increases during the execution of the task. Illogical judgments are moderately inversely related to logical judgments. The phenomenon of illogic lowers the overall level of meaning formation, but this tendency is not pronounced. Conclusions. Semantic illogicality is an attempt to direct the narrative, to reveal cognitive subjectivity in a situation where the judgment can be formed only on the principle of opposition to the existing thesis. Illogicality plays a tactical role in the formation of general meaning and is revealed when constructive formal logical ways of unfolding the discourse become unavailable. Due to the production of illogicality, the subject ignores the meaning that is poorly crystallized for him/her and moves on to the crystallization of the original meaning. This is a tactical "mistake" on the way to the correct answer. Prospects for further research are to determine the links between illogic and other types of judgments that are conceptual for the formation of the general meaning and to compare manifestations of illogicality in different periods of ontogenesis.
thinking, meaning, illogicality, contradiction, formal logic.
INFLUENCE OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES OF PARENTS ON THE FORMATION OF PARENTING STYLE OF CHILDREN WITH ADHD
The article theoretically and empirically examines the peculiarities of the influence of adverse childhood experiences on parenting style. The main styles of upbringing, their content and peculiarities of manifestation are considered. The concept of psycho-traumatic experience and its influence on the process of child development, the relationship with parenting styles are revealed. An empirical study of the peculiarities of the impact of adverse childhood experiences on the parenting style of children with ADHD was conducted. 42 respondents, middle-aged people of stable social status who were raising children with ADHD, took part in the study. The Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire and the Family Education Strategy test were used to conduct the empirical research. According to the results of the analysis of the data obtained, it was found that the main negative childhood experience for the interviewees were humiliating, disdainful attitude, the feeling that children were not loved, physical harm both to the children themselves and to their close family members, the lack of family support, the use of “silent” punishment and presence of roommates with alcohol or drug addiction. It was established that 90.5% of the respondents had negative childhood experiences, and 13% of these respondents had a high level of traumatization. When analyzing qualitative indicators, a number of correlations were found for each of the styles of parenting with the factors of negative childhood experiences. Thus, the liberal parenting style has significant correlations with child neglect (frequent illnesses, hospitalization, living with adults with alcohol and drug addiction), bullying, fear of physical and emotional violence (punishment with silence). At the same time, strong correlations of authoritarian parenting style with such factors of traumatization as fear of physical violence, bullying, living with adults with alcohol and drug addiction, a sense of lack of love from parents were recorded. The prospects for further theoretical and practical research of this issue are to study the impact of negative childhood experiences on the parenting style in families of children with ADHD, to find strategies to overcome this issue in the context of parent-child interaction.
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, family, parenting styles, adverse experience, childhood.
FEATURES OF INTERCONNECTION OF PERSONALITY DEFENSE MECHANISMS AND ADAPTATION POTENTIAL
The article reveals the results of an empirical study of the interrelationship between defense mechanisms and the adaptation potential as a complex integrative feature of personality. Based on a theoretical analysis of the problem under study, it is assumed that defense mechanisms contribute to the restoration of internal balance in an individual’s interactions and the external environment, performing a regulatory function within the adaptation potential. The study employed both theoretical methods (analysis and synthesis of theoretical and empirical research) and empirical methods (testing focused on diagnosing the intensity of defense mechanism and the level of components of the adaptation potential), as well as the methods of mathematical statistics (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). It has been found that defense mechanisms are interconnected with various aspects of an individual’s adaptation potential. The correlation analysis indicates a pro-adaptive orientation of the denial mechanism (statistically significant associations with assertiveness and stress resilience), as well as intellectualization (positive correlation with conscientiousness and self-effectiveness). The maladaptive nature of reactive formation is reflected in its positive association with the neuroticism factor, as well as inverse associations with stress resilience and agreeableness. The adaptive potential of such defense mechanisms as regression and compensation has an ambivalent nature: regression, on the one hand, exhibits an inverse relationship with assertiveness and stress resilience and a direct relationship with the neuroticism factor. On the other hand, it shows positive associations with the factors of extraversion, agreeableness, and openness to experience. Compensation is directly linked with extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness, but also has an inverse association with the overall adaptability score. It is established that defense mechanisms are interconnected with various components of the adaptation potential, exhibiting both adaptive and maladaptive orientations. The results obtained can be applied for the creation of developmental and corrective programs aimed at enhancing an individual’s level of adaptability while minimizing the use of maladaptive psychological defense mechanisms.
defense mechanisms, psychological defense, adaptation, adaptability, adaptation potential.
PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION BY ADOLESCENTS IN DISTANCE LEARNING
Objective. The article is focused on the study of psychological determinants that influence the success of foreign language learning by adolescents in the conditions of distance learning. The main focus is on cognitive abilities, namely memory and thinking, as well as individual psychological characteristics, such as motivation, impulsivity, and language anxiety. Research methods. Theoretical: synthesis, comparison, modeling, generalization. Empirical: The English Language Learning Motivation Scale (ELLMS), Barratt Child Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11c), and the Public Speaking Anxiety Scale (PSCAS) were used to measure individual psychological factors. The Luria Word Memory Test and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) were used to assess cognitive abilities. Mathematical statistics methods were used to analyze and interpret the data: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression. Results. The results of the study emphasize the multidimensionality of the process of mastering a foreign language in the conditions of distance learning. In particular, cognitive abilities (thinking) and individual psychological factors (language anxiety) turned out to be important predictors of language learning success in distance learning conditions. Language anxiety was found to have a negative correlation with language learning outcomes, while thinking showed a positive correlation in this context. Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, it was found that although cognitive abilities and individual psychological characteristics are key factors in the process of learning a foreign language, only thinking skills and language anxiety were significant predictors in the model of successful language learning in a distance learning environment. Interestingly, despite their proven role in the learning process, memory, motivation and impulsivity did not have a significant impact in the model. This emphasizes the importance of taking into account the psychological difficulties associated with teaching and learning foreign languages online.
distance learning, foreign language acquisition, cognitive abilities, language anxiety, motivation, impulsivity, memory, thinking.
JOINT PERMISSION AS AN EFFECTIVE SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITION FOR PREVENTING CONFLICTS IN MARRIED COUPLES
Objective. The article is devoted to a theoretical-empirical analysis of the psychological essence of family leisure and the importance of family club activities in centers of social services for youth (SSY), as well as determining the dependence of the level of conflict between spouses, the tendency of family members to have nervous breakdowns on the organization of their joint leisure time. Research methods: theoretical (theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific psychological and pedagogical literature on research problems); empirical (observation, testing, questionnaires); mathematical (statistical data processing, correlation analysis using Fisher’s φ angular transformation. Results. It was determined that with a small number of hours that the family allocates for joint family leisure time, a high level of conflict interactions in the couple and an increased risk of a nervous breakdown of the spouses can be observed. It was recorded , that in the absence of organized joint leisure between family members, emotional distance and high autonomy of partners are observed. It has been proven that the involvement of married couples in family leisure in organized institutions, a specialized system of psychological measures contribute to reducing the frequency and intensity of marital conflicts. According to the results of repeated diagnosis most of the researched, especially women, recorded a decrease in the manifestations of behavioral patterns inherent in manipulative influences and nervous breakdowns, which proved the emotional significance and value for women of spending time together with their partner.The obtained results made it possible to state that close interaction with a partner serves as a psychological resource both for each of the spouses and for the family as a whole. Conclusions. It has been established that the cultural and developmental activities of clubs at the SSY and the social and psychological measures implemented by them contribute to the process of organizing family leisure for married couples, serve as a necessary condition for the establishment of interpersonal relationships between spouses, increase the level of closeness and unity between partners, and also reduce anxiety, aggressiveness and personal burnout of partners.
leisure, conflict interaction, intimacy, married couples, the value of marital relations.
DYNAMICS OF INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS ON THE STAGES OF A YOUNG PERSON`S MORAL CHOICE
The article outlines the specifics of the implementation on the stages to moral choice under the influence of moral values that act as psychological determinants of its implementation in adolescence. The scientific achievements of Ukrainian researchers who have studied various aspects of the formation of young people's value attitude towards others and their moral development, the essence of each stage of moral choice, and its psychological determinants are analyzed. A comparative quantitative and qualitative analysis of the influence of moral values on the stages of choice in the experimental group is demonstrated. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the correlations relationships between moral values and stages of moral choice have been established, which reflect certain changes between the indicators before and after the development program for boys and girls. In the process of performing various psychological tasks, young people intensified the development of moral values, which increased the effectiveness of assimilation of moral knowledge and behavior self-regulation. The most effective way to increase the level of moral knowledge of the individual and develop the ability to apply it in their own moral experience was to solve moral dilemmas. The latter made it possible to create the most realistic conditions for a difficult situation, in which boys and girls actualized their moral values and made an independent, conscious moral choice. The outlined changes confirmed the influence of psychological determinants on the stages of moral choice, which will allow a deeper dive into the specifics of making moral choice and actualize the process of developing the moral consciousness of young people. At the same time, it was noted that the process of assimilation of moral values, on the basis of which the stages of moral choice are carried out, was not activated in a certain part of the subjects researched. Accordingly, we observe the prospects for further research in the study of psychological mechanisms of moral values development, development and implementation of effective methodological recommendations for psychologists and teachers that will contribute to the activation of the formation of moral values in the personality of youth.
moral choice, psychological determinants, moral values, stages of choice, integrity, empathy, conscience, justice, moral obligation, free choice, sense of responsibility.
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM OF CONSULTING BASED ON GATI CAREER DECISION-MAKING PROFILES
The article focuses on the analysis and application of Gati career decision-making profiles in the field of career consulting, evaluating their significance and effectiveness in the context of modern professional consulting. The main goal is to explore the potential for adaptation and adjustment of profile polarities through a wide range of career counseling practices aimed at different target groups and needs. The main goal of the study is to provide a comprehensive list of career consulting strategies that can influence the change in the polarities of Gati career decision-making profiles, and thus contribute to a more effective career decision-making process by individuals. To achieve the goal, a complex methodological approach was used, which included both a critical review of the existing scientific literature on this topic and a synthesis of the data obtained from this analysis. This made it possible to comprehensively evaluate the current state of research in the field of career consulting and determine effective approaches and methods. The analysis of scientific works on career literature made it possible to identify a number of innovative and effective career consulting methods that can be applied to optimize the career decision-making process. The proposed intervention strategies are aimed at increasing the collection of information and its transformation into a more analytical one, accumulating efforts invested in the process and reducing procrastination, intensifying efforts in making a final decision and increasing the desire for an ideal profession. The study emphasizes the critical importance of an individualized approach in career consulting as a key factor for the successful development of the professional trajectory of clients. Using Gati Career Decision Profiles as a basis for career consulting opens up new perspectives for improving the effectiveness of career planning and decision-making, providing valuable tools for both consultants and clients in their pursuit of professional self-improvement and fulfillment.
career choice, career decision-making profiles, vocational behavior, career counseling, career decisions, career success.
ANALYSIS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ADHD IN CHILDHOOD
The article examines the peculiarities of psychological methods of differential diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is defined as a complex, chronic, and heterogeneous developmental disorder that typically begins in childhood and persists into adulthood. It has been determined that ADHD is a polymorphic clinical syndrome, the basis of which is a violation of the child’s ability to control and regulate their behavior, which is manifested in motor hyperactivity, attention deficit disorder and impulsivity. The study found that ADHD remains difficult to diagnose due to the lack of specific biomarkers and specificity of symptoms, which is caused by a wide range of differential diagnosis and quite frequent correlation with other diseases. It was revealed that analyzing the psychological methods of differential diagnosis of ADHD in childhood is an important task, since this disorder can have similar symptoms in some other mental and developmental disorders. It has been established that the differential diagnosis of ADHD includes an important aspect of distinguishing this disorder from other mental and neurological conditions. Thus, it is necessary to determine the difference between ADHD and such disorders as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual development disorder, motor coordination disorder, learning disorder that is associated with development, as well as depressive and anxiety disorders, oppositional defiant and antisocial behavior disorder, etc. As a result of the research, it has been found that a combination of various psychological approaches, such as clinical observation, the use of standardized instruments and interviews, can be most effectively used for the differential diagnosis of ADHD in childhood. It has been established that a systematic and comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of ADHD in childhood avoids incorrect clinical conclusions and contributes to a balanced selection of medical interventions.
psychological methods, diagnosis, ADHD, childhood.
CAREER ADAPTABILITY IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
The modern professional environment is characterized by rapid changes and requires employees to be able to become career adaptable, which is proving to be a key competence for a successful career and effective work in organizations. The main goal of scientific research was to study the concept of career adaptability in the context of modern organizational psychology, through the analysis of its impact on professional development and organizational results. The analysis of theoretical works and empirical studies related to career adaptability allowed us to consider existing assessment tools and strategies for developing adaptability. The studied and considered results of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies contributed to the identification of the relationship between career adaptability and various professional and organizational outcomes. The existence of a significant positive relationship between the career adaptability of individuals and a wide range of key indicators of their professional activity and general well-being has been established. Among the results revealed, a special place is occupied by an increase in career satisfaction, an increase in the level of involvement in work, the activation of professional development processes, as well as a positive impact on individual and organizational well-being. To a large extent, the achievement of these positive results is possible due to the application of adaptive behavioral strategies that allow individuals to respond effectively to the changing conditions and challenges of the modern work environment. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that career adaptability plays the role of a key factor that determines the success of the professional development of the individual and the effectiveness of the organization as a whole. Support and active development of career adaptability should become priority directions in the activities of HR specialists, heads of organizations and developers of corporate talent management programs. This will not only contribute to increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of organizations, but will also ensure the creation of conditions for the full development of the potential of each employee in conditions of uncertainty and constant transformational processes in the modern professional world.
career adaptability, vocational behavior, career choice, employability, organizational psychology.
RISK PROPENSITY AS A PERSONAL CHARACTERISTIC OF MILITARY PERSONNEL (RELIGIOUS ASPECT)
Objective. To carry out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the problem of the relationship between risk propensity and religious beliefs of military personnel, empirically verify the presence of individual differences in indicators of the degree of an individual risk propensity tendency depending on their religious views and characterize the peculiarities of the manifestation of risk propensity tendencies of military personnel on the basis of religion. Research methods: theoretical (theoretical, methodological and comparative analysis); empirical (personal risk propensity scale to “RSK”, “Motivation to succeed” and “Motivation to avoid failure” by T. Ehlers, suicide risk questionnaire); methods of mathematical statistics (Student’s t-test, Mann Whitney U-test. and Pearson’s test). Results. It was found that among the military personnel of “atheists”, “Christians” and “pagans”, “atheists” are the most prone to risky behavior, “pagans” are the least prone. A similar trend is observed with regard to the motivation to avoid failure. In addition, the following issue was discovered: military personnel with atheist beliefs are the most motivated to achieve the set goals and at the same time, compared to their religious colleagues, have the most pronounced measure of suicidal behavioral manifestations. a similar comparison of indicators among religious servicemen proved the presence of a lower level of success motivation among “Christians” than among “pagans”, but the situation is the opposite with regard to motivation to avoid failure or a tendency to risky behavior; however, the level of motivational focus on achieving success is higher among military Christians than among military atheists. Conclusions. Risk propensity of military personnel is their individual difference and depends on religious beliefs. Belonging to a religious movement, namely the nature of religious beliefs, contributes to the adoption of more moderate decisions. In this way, religion acts as an additional element of external control, which contributes to a critical review of one’s actions and, accordingly, increases the chances of the military to survive in critical situations on the battlefield.
risk, risk propensity, suicide, religious aspect, military personnel.
PECULIARITIES OF RESISTANCE TO COMBAT STRESS IN MOBILIZED MEN DURING THE PERIOD OF MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of developing resistance to combat stress in mobilized men. Considering the current situation of martial law in Ukraine, it is extremely important to reveal the specifics of the phenomenon of resistance to combat stress, in order to develop psychological methods of its development and optimization. Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic scientists, the main manifestations of stress resistance were outlined as personality properties, integrative properties, and individual abilities. Physiological and personal characteristics that ensure a person’s stress resistance are determined. The constituent components of stress resistance are outlined, which serve as a basis for mastering self-regulation skills and ensure a person's successful achievement of a goal in a difficult situation. The features of stress resistance in men who are at the stage of mobilization for army service are analyzed. According to the results of the empirical study, the dependence of the development of the level of resistance to combat stress on the period of mobilization was recorded. In particular, it was established that men who were drafted in the first year of the war in Ukraine show a higher level of work capacity under stress. They have a more pronounced tolerance to loads, they demonstrate a sufficient level of adaptability in a new social environment, team, higher efficiency in building relationships. Whereas, in the second year of the war, mobilized men had a higher moral standard and willingness to obey social norms, as well as a lower level of suicidal risk. A statistically significant discrepancy was found between the relationship between the level of readiness for combat stress and behavioral regulation and moral normativity. Prospects for further scientific investigations determined the need for conducting a broader study of the impact on the level of resistance to combat stress of such factors as: age, professional identity and type of employment, marital status of the mobilized.
stress, stress resistance, combat stress, readiness for combat stress, behavioral regulation, moral normativity, suicidal risk, military and professional orientation.
PROCESS, CONTENT, AND CONTEXTUAL APPROACHES TO CAREER CHOICE
The article is aimed to a theoretical analysis of key approaches that influence career decision-making: process, content and context. The peculiarities of interaction of these approaches and their influence on the formation of career trajectories of an individual in the modern labor market are revealed. It is important to consider how these approaches can cooperate or, in fact, come into conflict, creating a unique set of challenges and capabilities for each individual. The research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the interactions between process, content, and contextual approaches to career choice and their implications for the career decision-making process. To achieve this goal, a thorough analysis of the scientific literature is required, including a review of theoretical frameworks, analysis of empirical research and conceptual models. Existing knowledge has been systematized and promising directions for further development of process, content and contextual aspects in the field of career development have been identified. It has been revealed that the integration of process, content and contextual approaches to career choice will provide a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of career development of individuals. It is stated that the interaction between these approaches can facilitate the effective identification of professional interests and goals, as well as a better understanding of contextual barriers and opportunities. Also, potential conflicts between the internal dynamics of individuals and external ones have been identified, which emphasizes a different approach in the process of career counseling. The critical need for integration of process, content, and contextual approaches to improve career decision-making is emphasized. It has been established that this integration embraces a broad range of specific characteristics, interests, and contextual boundaries with which individuals interact. The urgency of developing comprehensive assessment tools and interventions that would cover all aspects of career choice is being discussed, which opens up new prospects for further research in this population.
career choice, vocational behavior, career choice process, career choice context, professional development.
PERSONAL REACTIONS OF WOMEN AT THE REMISSION STAGE OF CANCER DISEASE
The article presents the results of a study of the personal characteristics of female cancer survivors and the level of fear of cancer recurrence they have at the stage of remission. The results were statistically processed, the data obtained were analyzed taking into account the world experience of research in this field. The purpose of the work is to conduct a study of the personal psychological characteristics of women with cancer at the stage of cancer remission, determine the existing level of fear of cancer recurrence and identify the dominant coping strategies (coping strategies) inherent in them during remission. Methods: theoretical (analysis, synthesis, generalization), empirical (testing, questionnaire), methods of statistical analysis of test data using IBM SPSS, analysis of the results obtained. Results: it was determined that more than half of the respondents use adaptive cognitive and emotional coping strategies, and only a third of the participants have adaptive behavioral coping strategies. Almost half of the participants demonstrated high scores on the Agreeableness and Conscientiousness scales of the Big Five questionnaire, self-control and responsibility, as well as emotional warmth and cooperation. A Pearson correlation was found between behavioral coping strategies and the level of fear of cancer recurrence, but no correlation was found with tolerance for uncertainty. At the same time, it was observed that more than half of the participants have high personal anxiety. The results of assessing the clinical level of fear of cancer recurrence according to the screening scale with the standard threshold value of the developers of the cancer recurrence fear questionnaire and the total scores of the questionnaire differ significantly from each other, so this issue requires additional study to choose a threshold value for Ukrainian realities. We can see the prospects for further research in deepening the study, in particular, by increasing the sample of subjects with the involvement of male individuals and representatives of various socio-demographic statuses with various types of oncology.
cancer, fear of cancer recurrence, psychooncology, survivorship and character traits, coping-strategies.
PRONATAL ATTITUDES OF YOUTH AS MANIFESTATION OF UKRAINIAN MENTALITY
The article highlights the peculiarities of pronatal attitudes of Ukrainian youth (in particular, the phenomenon of unplanned pregnancy), which are formed under the influence of culture and mentality. University students from the western regions of Ukraine and Belarus participated in the study. Despite the historically formed stable family- and child-oriented attitudes among those populations, significant changes in the institutional structure of both the countries and the transformation of the socio-cultural background of young people’s life style caused the changes in the pronatal behavior of women. The results obtained indicate the slight differences in the emotional response among the respondents of both subgroups to the fact of an unplanned pregnancy. The dominance of negative emotions (fear, shock, despair) expresses the psycho-traumatic nature of the situation and the need for further existential choice. We found statistically significant differences only for the emotions “joy”, “anxiety” and “panic”. It is worth highlighting the greater level of readiness of Ukrainian women to give birth to a child in comparison with the Belarusian ones (83.7% and 52.3%, respectively), whereas the medical termination of pregnancy was preferred by 16.3% of Ukrainian women and 47.7% of Belarusian women. In addition, certain differences were also found in the ranking of values related to pronatal attitudes. Ukrainian respondents can be characterized as family- and child-oriented. Among six life-determining values, the leading positions were taken by “family”, “love” and “children”, whereas for representatives of the Belarusian sample, the most prioritized values were “love” and “personal freedom”. The results obtained also indicate statistically significant differences between the samples both in terms of the level of manifestation of the general reproductive attitude and its components – genophilia/genophobia and reproductive activity/passivity. We found that Belarusian respondents were more prone to genophobia and reproductive passivity.
pronatal attitudes, reproductive attitudes, values, mentality, genophilia, genophobia.
CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADOLESCENT PERSONALITY RESILIENCE
The article is focused on the study of the conditions for the development of adolescent personality resilience, which contribute to the strengthening of mental stability, both in everyday life and difficult life situations. The emphasis is placed on the problems of this topic for adolescents. Based on the study of the theories and views of modern Ukrainian scientists, as well as foreign researchers, the conditions for the development of personality resilience are determined and substantiated based on the current circumstances during the period of active hostilities throughout the territory of Ukraine. The conditions for the formation of the stability of an individual’s character are considered. Adolescence as a sensitive period for the formation of personality resilience is analyzed. The concept of resilience has been clarified, since the latter is the basic lever of personal potential in certain life circumstances. At the same time, the concept of “personality” and the peculiarities of its formation are investigated. The psychological content of the internal and external conditions for the development and formation of adolescent personality is revealed. The similarity of the regularities of the justifications of Ukrainian and foreign scientists today on the subject of the internal psychological stability of the adolescent personality to the modern conditions of life, which form and lay the conditions for the development of adolescent for the future, is found. The psychological content of this problem is analyzed and the characteristic features of the phenomenon under study are determined. The research of modern American and British scientists on the conditions for the development of sustainability as external factors influencing the personality is considered. On the basis of the material studied, the author has formed her own opinion about the conditions in which the resilience of an adolescent's personality is formed as resistance to life’s trials, taking into account the current difficult life situations in Ukraine. The author offers a comprehensive vision of the conditions for the development of the vitality of the individual in its modern understanding, taking into account the military events throughout the territory of Ukraine.
vitality, personality, personality development, conditions for the development of vitality, war, adolescence.
VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF UKRAINIAN YOUTH IN THE STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF LIFE: A GENDER ANALYSIS
The article is focused on the analysis of value orientations of Ukrainian youth, which is a structural component of the psychological strategies of an individual’s life. Life strategy is defined as a holistic, dynamic system that includes a time perspective, a subjective base of values, meanings, beliefs, attitudes of the individuals to themselves, to the world, society, according to which goals and plans are built and implemented, contradictions and obstacles are overcome, and results are evaluated. Senior adolescence is recognized as a sensitive stage for the formation of value orientations as stable elements of life perspective. The results. In the system of value orientations of student youth, the first three positions among boys are occupied by the values “happy family life”, “health” and “freedom as independence in deeds and actions”. For girls, “love”, “happy family life” and “health” lead in the ranking of values. However, these particular needs and values turned out to be frustrating, as their desirability exceeds the possibility of accessibility for both boys and girls that causes internal conflicts. The opposite trend is observed in the group of values that took the last places in the rating: “active life”, “beauty of nature and art”, which are available, but not desirable spheres for representatives of both sexes. This tendency creates conditions for the emergence of an internal vacuum, emptiness, desolation. It was found that the students under study (regardless of gender) with a high level of inconsistency in the value-meaning sphere have a more pessimistic view of the future than those with a more balanced coherence between values and achievements. In general, value orientations in late adolescence still remain insufficiently formed, and this feature is somewhat more pronounced in boys than in girls. The development and implementation of psychological assistance strategies aimed at increasing the level of consistency of the chosen values with the individual’s achievements in the relevant field is a promising area for further work. Also, the search for personal determinants of the imbalance in the value-meaning sphere of young men and women requires closer study.
young people of late adolescence, psychological strategies of the individual’s life activities, value orientations, values, accessibility, internal conflict, internal vacuum.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS OF PEOPLE FACING ONCOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
Objective. The article reflects the results of a theoretical review of the issue of gender differences in the perception of a person's own cancer diagnosis in domestic and foreign scientific publications. Conducting a detailed scientific and theoretical substantiation of gender differences in the psychological distress of people who have faced an oncological diagnosis will be useful for the development of appropriate psychological intervention programs to reduce the distress of cancer patients. Methods. The research include a comprehensive analysis of information on gender differences in psychological distress of the persons who faced an oncological diagnosis. A systematic review and generalization of data presented by a number of Ukrainian and foreign studies on the psychological state of cancer patients were used. Results. The results proved that the patients faced with an oncological diagnosis show a significant level of psychological distress both during diagnosis and treatment, as well as at the stage of cancer remission. We found a certain relationship between clinical and demographic characteristics. Thus, there is a correlation between the younger age of patients and a higher level of psychological distress when diagnosed with cancer. The level of distress varies in different groups of patients. Particulary, it is usually higher in those with the last stage. Some researchers have looked at specific aspects of cancer distress using the Impact of Events Scale (IES), and their findings indicate gender differences in the psychological response to cancer. The researchers also found that body appearance is determined as a great factor in the development of psychological distress. The highier distress is associated with surgical scars, weight loss, baldness, and the presence of other noticeable consequences of treatment, for example, ostomy bags in operated patients with colorectal cancer. This makes patients more prone to internal instability and provokes the development of isolation from the social environment. Gender differences in the response to cancer indicate that the response of men and women may vary, particularly in terms of the level of psychological distress and emotional responses to cancer. Women with cancer may experience greater isolation and difficulty coping with family and financial problems than men. Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, it was found that psychological distress in patients with oncological diagnoses is a well-known psychological problem. Gender, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics, appeared to be important in determining the level of distress: younger women, as well as those facing more serious stages of cancer or having multiple diagnoses, are usually prone to a greater emotional reaction. The results obtained indicate the need to take into account the gender and individual characteristics of patients when developing support in psycho-oncology practice.
gender differences, psychological distress, cancer diagnosis, personal characteristics of cancer patients, psycho-oncology.