PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HARDINESS AND WELL-BEING OF ADOLESCENTS

Abstract

The article is focused on the theoretical concept of resilience and psychological well-being of adolescents within the context of contemporary events. Based on the research of modern foreign and domestic scientists, the concept of resilience is highlighted. The concept of psychological well-being in general and the significance of this concept for adolescents in the context of military events in Ukraine are considered. Emphasis is placed on adolescence as a critical period of personality development, which involves significant changes at the emotional, social and cognitive levels. It is revealed that during this period, basic psychological characteristics are formed that affect the resilience and psychological well-being of an adolescent. On the basis of foreign and Ukrainian research in recent years, the psychological mechanisms that affect the well-being of adolescents in the context of modern social challenges have been revealed. The article considers such key factors as emotional regulation, social support, family relationships, and self-esteem, which are among the main factors of resilience. Particular attention is paid to the roles of self-regulation and the ability of adolescents to adapt to stressful situations. The components and criteria for the psychological well-being of an adolescent personality, as well as the factors that influence it, are clearly defined. Psychological well-being is viewed as a complex subjective experience that includes: difficult life satisfaction, a sense of happiness, and overriding the positive emotions.  The primary criteria for determining psychological well-being include high-quality social and interpersonal relationships, emotional comfort, positive self-perception, and successful self-realization in educational, recreational and creative activities, physical health, as well as successful self-realization of adolescents in educational and creative activities. The article highlights the close connection of resilience formation and the core criteria of psychological well-being. The criteria for social well-being are outlined through the concepts of self-determination and relationships, emphasizing the ability to function optimally in social environments. These include social acceptance, actualization, contribution, integration, significance and realization, as well as involvement in social interactions, strong relationships with loved ones, social approval, a safe environment and the atmosphere of psychological comfort.  The article outlines the factors that influence a child’s psychological well-being, such as family upbringing, family microclimate, a pedagogical communication style of school teachers, and relationships within the school community and among peers. It is noted that depending on the child's age, the content of psychological well-being criteria and the significance of certain factors may vary. Finally, the article identifies specific factors that have a significant impact on adolescents’ psychological well-being.