ANTICIPATORY GRIEF AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATED GRIEF IN RELATIVES OF PALLIATIVE PATIENTS

Abstract

The article examines the features of anticipatory grief and the development of chronic grief in relatives of palliative patients. A theoretical analysis of psychological and medical literature was conducted to explore the impact of grief processes on family members caring for terminally ill loved ones. Anticipatory grief is described as an emotional reaction that begins before the actual loss occurs, allowing relatives to begin processing their emotions in advance. However, when emotional support is lacking, this anticipatory phase may become a risk factor for the development of chronic grief—an enduring state of psychological distress that can impair daily functioning. The study emphasizes that the development of chronic grief is linked to low levels of psychological adaptation and unprocessed emotional responses. Chronic grief may persist for months or even years, leading to symptoms such as sadness, hopelessness, anxiety, or social withdrawal. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive psychological support strategies aimed at strengthening coping skills, emotional resilience, and social connection. Special attention should be given to psychoeducation, individual counseling, and support groups that empower relatives to manage anticipatory stress and process their grief in healthy ways. The article concludes that anticipatory grief can serve as a preparatory stage that reduces the intensity of emotional suffering after loss, provided that appropriate psychological resources are available. Thus, integrating psychological care into palliative services is vital not only for patients, but also for their families, in order to promote emotional well-being and prevent long-term complications associated with chronic grief.