The Influence of External Factors on the Development of Ukraine–Poland Relations

Abstract

This article analyzes the role of external factors and international actors in shaping the relationship between Ukraine and Poland, particularly the influence of the United States, the Russian Federation, Germany, and other states on the foreign policies of both countries. The United States, as an important partner, has provided political and financial support to both Ukraine and Poland, as well as contributed to the development of civil society in post-Soviet countries. With regard to the Russian Federation, its geopolitical interest in the region is emphasized, especially after Poland’s accession to NATO and the EU, which posed a challenge to Russian influence. Poland has acted as an active mediator and has supported Ukraine’s integration into Western institutions, notably during the Orange Revolution. The article also considers the role of the European Union, which, despite internal disagreements among member states, has sought to promote stability and democratic transformations in Eastern Europe. The analysis shows that the strategic interests of major powers have largely determined the trajectory of Ukrainian–Polish relations, particularly in the context of their interaction with the Russian Federation. The article also highlights Poland's role as an important partner of Ukraine in the framework of European integration, security, energy independence, and the development of bilateral economic ties, which has significantly contributed to stability in Central and Eastern Europe, especially in the face of Russian aggression. It is emphasized that European integration has been declared a priority of Ukraine’s foreign policy strategy and one of the key factors in preserving national security. In this context, the need arises to study the geopolitical intentions of European countries, especially those related directly to Ukraine’s place and role in the international relations system in general, and in the European region in particular. For Ukraine, this is a highly important direction of the EU’s foreign policy, as it is taking place under conditions of an active political dialogue between Ukraine and the EU, which has been ongoing over the past few years within the framework of Ukraine’s European integration progress.