Науковий часопис Українського державного університету імені Михайла Драгоманова Серія 22. Політичні науки та методика викладання соціально-політичних дисциплін
У збірнику вміщені наукові праці дослідників, викладачів, докторантів та аспірантів, у яких висвітлюються актуальні теоретичні, наукові та науково-методичні проблеми політичних наук.
Український державний універститет імені Михайла Драгоманова
Current Strategies and Mechanisms to Counter Russian Extremism in the Context of Armed Aggression Against Ukraine
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the Ukrainian system of counteracting extremist organizations of the Russian Federation, developed in response to the Russian aggression that began in 2014 and escalated into a full-scale invasion in February 2022. The study is based on a broad range of legal acts, official reports, statistical data, and international sources, which together enable a multidimensional assessment of mechanisms aimed at countering state-sponsored extremism—an integrated phenomenon combining military, informational, political, financial, and terrorist components. The article examines the key directions of Ukraine’s response: legal instruments, security and defense measures, information strategies, financial restrictions, international sanctions, diplomatic initiatives, and preventive programs. Special emphasis is placed on the role of international institutions and intergovernmental cooperation, which significantly reinforced Ukraine’s capacity to oppose Russian extremist structures. The research demonstrates that the Ukrainian model represents a unique example of countering a state-aggressor that employs extremist organizations as part of its hybrid warfare strategy. The combination of legal, security, and informational tools has substantially weakened the influence of such groups, as evidenced by large-scale statistics on their identification, detention, and prosecution. At the same time, several systemic challenges have been identified, including insufficient interagency coordination, personnel shortages, limited technological resources, and the need to strengthen mechanisms of international legal accountability for Russia’s actions. Overall, the article argues that Ukraine’s experience is becoming a benchmark for states confronted with state-organized extremism and hybrid threats. The established counteraction system enhances not only Ukraine’s national security but also contributes to the development of the international legal order by demonstrating that the rule of law and global solidarity can effectively oppose extremist practices of aggressive states.
extremism, Russian Federation, hybrid warfare, counteraction, sanctions, information security, state terrorism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олександр Левчук (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Foreign Policy Priorities of the United States During the First Term of Donald Trump: a Retrospective Analysis of Events and Doctrines
The article focuses on the period 2017–2021 (the first presidential term of Donald Trump), which marked a turning point not only in the transformation of U.S. strategy but also in global geopolitics more broadly. It examines U.S. foreign policy in the twenty-first century as a phenomenon substantially shaped by decisions and doctrines developed, in particular since 2001, within the analytical and strategic frameworks of the administrations of George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump. The study seeks to provide a comprehensive historical-retrospective analysis of Washington’s foreign policy course from the perspective of contemporary events and their doctrinal underpinnings. Doctrines make it possible to identify both the enduring directions of U.S. foreign policy and the traditional perceptions of American leaders regarding external priorities. Although these perceptions evolved from one administration to another, they remained directly linked to the shaping of a new world order aligned with the political and economic interests of the United States. The research establishes the actual role of political events and official documents that constitute the doctrinal foundation of presidential foreign policy practice, examined through the prism of traditional paradigms – namely isolationism and interventionism, as well as hard and soft power. The foreign policy strategies of American presidents and their interpretations of external imperatives are often analyzed separately from foundational policy documents, such as National Security Strategies, National Military Strategies, and the annual reports of the Secretary of Defense to the President and the U.S. Congress. The author’s approach lies not only in integrating these two dimensions but also in analyzing political perceptions shaped by agenda-setting processes that contributed to the formation and consolidation of a new international order. A retrospective examination of key events and strategic decisions during Trump’s first term makes it possible to characterize both the priorities and the structural challenges of U.S. foreign policy in the twenty-first century.
U.S. foreign policy, priorities of the Trump administration, Washington’s foreign policy course, doctrinal framework, new world order, retrospective analysis, event analysis, U.S.–Ukraine relations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Володимир Жигайло (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The States of North Africa as Strategic Partners of Ukraine
The article comprehensively explores the potential of the North African states (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia) as strategic partners for Ukraine in the context of Russian aggression. Emphasis is placed on the growing strategic importance of the Maghreb region, which is determined by key factors: energy resources, logistical potential (Suez Canal, the “Grain from Ukraine” initiative), economic weight, and the necessity of diplomatic support on international platforms. The following methods are used in the article: comparative and historical analysis, systematic approach, case studies, modeling and forecasting methods An analysis of the architecture of relations before and after the start of the full-scale invasion is conducted. Factors that caused the limited effectiveness of previous diplomacy in 2014–2022 are highlighted, and how the approach to partnership changed after 2022 is examined, including the intensification of dialogue and an individualized approach due to the non-uniform stance of the Maghreb countries in the UN. The impact of Russian propaganda and economic interests on the region, which led to the neutrality of several states, is considered separately. The successes in trade and economic cooperation (positive trade balance in 2024, agrarian export) and in the field of cultural and humanitarian cooperation (education, public diplomacy) as tools to counteract the Kremlin’s influence are underscored. The concluding part of the article outlines the main strategic guidelines necessary for strengthening the partnership with North Africa: improving the diplomatic situation (overcoming neutrality, combating disinformation), ensuring sustainable economic growth (increasing trade, attracting investment, developing logistics), and utilizing unique Ukrainian experience (in the military-technical sphere, infrastructure restoration, and IT technologies). The implementation of these directions will help to strengthen Ukraine’s positive image, reduce the level of Russian influence, and ensure the long-term stability and development of bilateral relations..
North Africa, strategic partnership, trade, Ukraine, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Марта Олійник-Дьомочко, Богдан Хамідулін (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WORLD ORDER
The modern world has entered a phase of profound systemic transformations, leading to a transition toward a polycentric and spatially fragmented world order. In this turbulent environment, multiple actors interact – states, corporate and supranational structures, regional blocs, global cities, and border territories, whose political agency is growing significantly. Increased geopolitical turbulence, the weakening of the global institutional architecture, and the interconnectedness of multidimensional global risks highlight the need for a systematic analysis of the trends that determine the dynamics of the transformation of the world order in the 21st century. The purpose of this article is to analyze key global trends and justify their impact on the transformation of the modern world order; as well as identify the “strategic zones of presence” of states in the global space and their “geostrategic locations” in the new constellation of the world order. The research methodology is based on systematic analysis; comparative methods; strategic analysis (adapted McKinsey matrix); and scenario forecasting. Research results: Based on an analysis of the global “risk landscape” and a map of the interrelationships between them, trends that have a decisive impact on the transformation of the world order have been identified (geopolitical confrontation, interstate armed conflicts, and the crisis of multilateral diplomacy; economic instability and cross-sectoral geo-economic shifts; climate turbulence; cyber vulnerability and the growing role of artificial intelligence; demographic and migration changes; erosion of social capital and trust). Based on an adapted McKinsey approach, a typology of “geostrategic locations” of states and possible trajectories of their development in the global space has been outlined, determined by the ability of countries to respond to global trends, strengthen strategic autonomy, and ensure the stability of political, economic, and security systems. Conclusions: The new world order is being shaped by multidimensional global trends that increase the turbulence of the geospace and open up new opportunities for its actors. The geostrategic positioning of states and regions in this environment depends on their ability to adapt to risks and exploit new opportunities in the context of global transformation.
global trends, world order transformation, geopolitical turbulence, geo-economic fragmentation, strategic centers of influence, border territory subjectivity, global security architecture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Наталія Кравчук, Олег Луцишин, Давид Андрощук (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Regional Policy as an Instrument of Institutionalizing Political Participation of Territorial Communities of Ukraine in the Context of Post-War Recovery
The article substantiates that Ukraine’s regional policy in the post-war period ceases to be an exclusively technocratic mechanism of resource redistribution and acquires features of democratization that institutionalize political participation of communities. The author argues that the effectiveness of regional policy is determined not only by the presence of strategic documents and vertically organized instruments of public administration, but by the extent to which communities have real access to participation institutions and the extent to which they actually use them to influence decision-making. It is demonstrated that there is a gap in Ukraine between the declared necessity of public involvement and the factual availability of participatory mechanisms: in particular, after 2022 the scope of participatory budgeting practices has significantly decreased. The article shows that the growth of political interest among Ukrainians after 2014 and especially in 2023 (confirmed by sociological data) creates a “window of opportunity” for the reformatting of regional policy: the existing social demand for participation must be transformed into mandatory and standardized procedures of community participation. It is argued that the institutionalization of political subjectivity of the community requires a shift from a unified to a differentiated place-based approach, the introduction of mandatory participation metrics and reporting, synchronization of the state strategy with territorial channels of participation, and adaptation to EU requirements. It is emphasized that without regular participatory practices, the democratic potential of regional policy will not be realized, and the reconstruction risks remaining centralized and legitimacy-vulnerable.
regional policy, political participation, territorial communities, decentralization, participatory practices, participatory budgeting, political subjectivity, European integration, post-war recovery, place-based approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Сергій Ковтун (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Competitiveness of Regions in Ukraine's Recovery Policy
The article reviews the impact of Russian armed aggression against Ukraine on the competitiveness of its regions. It substantiates the need to develop a new methodology for assessing the competitiveness of territories, taking into account indicators of basic and accelerated recovery based on sustainable development and the principles of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. The author proposes a methodology for calculating the integral indicator of territorial competitiveness (ITC), based on a system of synthetic indices of economic, social and demographic development, accessibility of public services and environmental safety. An algorithm for integral assessment and the results of the ranking of regions of Ukraine for 2021 are presented, which showed significant regional differentiation – the basis for asynchronous state regional recovery policy. The article also proposes a methodology for calculating the IRCT adapted to the conditions of martial law, which takes into account specific indicators of economic and social recovery of regions. A comparative analysis of the results for 2021 and 2023 was carried out, which showed that the Dnipropetrovsk region retained its leading position and that the Ternopil, Volyn and Poltava regions improved their indicators. At the same time, a significant decline in competitiveness was noted in the frontline regions due to increased social tension and destruction of infrastructure. It was concluded that a differentiated approach to recovery policy and the attraction of financial resources is necessary, taking into account the level of competitiveness of regions – rear, frontline, de-occupied and relocated as a result of temporary occupation. Prospects for further research include the development of mechanisms to enhance the investment attractiveness of leading regions and the improvement of state and local models of regional development management in the post-war period.
Ukraine's recovery policy, competitiveness of regions, state regional policy, integral indicator, regional development, sustainable development, martial law.
Copyright (c) 2025 Сергій Козир (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Theoretical and Methodological Content of Legal Policy as an Instrument of State-Building
The article analyzes legal policy as a key instrument of contemporary state-building from the perspective of a functional approach. It substantiates that legal policy cannot be reduced to a set of normative legal decisions or law-making activity; rather, it functions as an integrated political and legal mechanism that combines the strategic objectives of the state, institutional forms of their implementation, and practices of legal regulation of social relations. It is demonstrated that the effectiveness of state-building processes largely depends on the capacity of legal policy to ensure coordination among public authorities, civil society institutions, and social interests, including ethnopolitical. Special attention is paid to the analysis of contemporary scholarly approaches to understanding legal policy, statehood, and state-building, as well as to the problem of conceptual ambiguity of these categories within the domestic political and legal discourse. It is argued that legal policy constitutes a structure-forming component of state-building, determining the direction and quality of institutional development of the state, the level of legitimacy of public authority, interethnic harmony and the stability of the political system. The article systematizes the main approaches to public policy analysis presented in contemporary Western and Ukrainian scholarship and substantiates the expediency of considering public policy analysis as a multi-level analytical activity carried out at theoretical, applied, and methodological levels and integrating empirical, evaluative, and normative-recommendatory dimensions. It is shown that such an integrated analytical model provides a methodological foundation for employing legal policy as an instrument for rationalizing state-building processes, intercultural understanding and enhancing the quality of public governance under conditions of contemporary transformations.
legal policy, state-building, public policy, public policy analysis, ethnopolitics, functional approach, statehood, public governance, institutionalization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Вікторія Тімашова (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Latest European Practices of Countering Information Political Manipulations: Opportunities and Problems of Implementation in Ukraine
Countering information political manipulation is becoming one of the top priorities tasks at the present stage of development of digital society. Progress provides new opportunities for political manipulation, from the rapid pace of which the developed prevention measures become ineffective. The use of fake news, manipulative narratives and propaganda negatively affects public opinion, especially during elections or crisis situations. Therefore, the prevention of political manipulation in a high-tech society requires an urgent search for new methods and improvement of existing ones, for the introduction of highly effective digital education. European countries are actively developing and implementing the latest methods of combating disinformation and propaganda, including both legal and political mechanisms and social and educational measures. In Ukraine, which is currently at war, the need to adapt and implement such practices is especially relevant, since information attacks are part of the Russia`s strategy of aggression against our state. The relevance of this topic lies in the necessity and importance of studying the latest European practices to counter information political manipulation in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the possibilities and problems in introducing European practices in Ukraine to counter information political manipulation, to adapt the best of them and their further implementation. The results of the study are the definition of basic concepts and terms; characterization of counteraction to information political manipulations; establishment and analysis of European practices to counter political information manipulation; identification of opportunities and major problems in their implementation in Ukraine; development of recommendations for adaptation of the best of them and their further implementation. It is proposed to develop, change and improve mechanisms for countering information political manipulations in Ukraine, taking into account the best European practices.
political manipulations, information political manipulations, European practices of counteraction to political manipulation information society, social media, disinformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Руслан Дем’янюк (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Civil Society Participation In Countering Information Attacks
The article examines the role of civil society in countering information attacks in Ukraine under the conditions of hybrid warfare. It is shown that the growing scale of disinformation campaigns and information pressure has increased the importance of horizontal networks of citizen interaction, expert communities, and volunteer initiatives, which were able to respond promptly to challenges where state institutions proved insufficiently flexible. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of tools used by civil society structures to protect the information space: fact-checking, media monitoring, dissemination of verified data, information and educational campaigns, as well as the development of digital security practices. Examples of successful initiatives that have become emblematic of the Ukrainian experience are highlighted – the activities of StopFake, the Institute of Mass Information, OSINT communities, and civil platforms for media literacy. Emphasis is placed on the fact that civil society not only complements state strategies to counter disinformation but also creates alternative communication channels that enhance public trust and strengthen the resilience of democratic practices. The article also underlines that despite the significant practical contribution of civic initiatives, their role has been insufficiently studied and remains fragmented, which limits opportunities for systematizing experience and developing long-term strategies. It is concluded that the further development and institutional consolidation of civic participation in the field of information security is a strategic task on which the effectiveness of countering external threats, the formation of a culture of critical thinking, and the strengthening of democratic resilience of Ukrainian society depend.
civil society, information security, disinformation, fact-checking, digital resilience, media literacy, information attacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Вячеслав Бараболя (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ideological and Religious Instrumentalization as a Catalyst of Population Radicalization in Africa
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the process of population radicalization in Africa through the lens of ideological and religious instrumentalization, using Nigeria and the activities of the terrorist group Boko Haram as a case study. Attention is paid to the distortion of religious doctrines, the cognitive narrowing of religious consciousness, and the manipulation of ideological narratives as factors legitimizing political violence under conditions of socio-economic marginalization. The study examines theoretical approaches to understanding radicalization, extremism, and religious terrorism, and reveals the psychological dimensions of aggressive religious radicalization, including the role of anxiety, identity threat, and feelings of hopelessness. It is demonstrated that radical religious movements employ religious identity as a tool of social mobilization and justification of violence, appealing to the concepts of martyrdom and the sacralization of conflict. Special attention is devoted to the impact of socio-economic inequality, the weakness of state institutions, and the lack of quality religious education on increasing population vulnerability to extremist propaganda. Based on analytical materials of the UNDP, UNICEF, UNESKO, UNODC it is argued that inclusive religious education can serve as an important factor in strengthening community resilience to radical narratives. The article concludes that countering radicalization associated with ideological and religious distortion requires an interdisciplinary approach that combines socio-economic development, educational strategies, and institutional strengthening, as well as the promotion of interfaith dialogue as a tool for reducing conflict potential.
extremism, radicalization, religious education, social marginalization, religious terrorism, Nigeria, Boko Haram.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ірина Зайченко, Анастасія Кітик (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Propaganda, Conspiracy Narratives, and Political Polarization: the Impact of Russian Information-Psychological Operations on Domestic Political Processes in Eu Member States
The article examines the evolution of Russian information-psychological operations (IPOs) in European Union member states after 2014 and their intensified use under the conditions of the full-scale war since 2022, when propagandistic messages are increasingly packaged as conspiracy narratives and employed as instruments of pressure on domestic political processes. The study aims to account for the causal chain through which conspiracy plots amplify affective and vertical polarisation, erode institutional trust, and complicate decision-making, thereby lowering institutional governability and increasing the risk of domestic political instability. Methodologically, the article combines a theoretical synthesis of realist, liberal and constructivist perspectives with elements of discourse analysis and comparative analysis, complemented by an analytic discussion of illustrative European cases (including Czechia, Slovakia, Romania, Finland and France). The findings indicate that conspiracy narratives function not merely as lay “explanations” of complex events but as a political technology: they provide a coherent enemy schema, normalise the delegitimation of opponents, transform uncertainty into moral certainty, and thereby facilitate mobilisation around radical demands. The core mechanisms identified are the erosion of trust and procedural legitimacy, the fragmentation of the public sphere through platform algorithms and networked communities, emotional polarisation, and the potential conversion of online radicalisation into offline action. The article also shows that the strength of these effects is conditional on the configuration of institutional capacity, national media ecosystems, and platform governance and regulatory regimes. The practical implication is that effective countermeasures should integrate platform governance, strategic communications and democratic resilience, while avoiding security responses that inadvertently undermine political pluralism and democratic legitimacy.
information-psychological operations; propaganda; conspiracy narratives; political polarisation; trust; democratic resilience; European Union.
Copyright (c) 2025 Алла Гуменюк, Антон Пастовенський (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Competitiveness, Cooperation, and Fragility: Centres and Frontiers of European Policy in Safeguarding Values
The article conceptualises the interrelationship between competitiveness, cooperation, and fragility as key characteristics of contemporary European policy through the spatial lens of “centres” and “frontiers.” The relevance of the study is determined by the transformation of the EU security environment, the growing role of border areas in shaping resilience policies, and the need to rethink the value foundations of integration in the context of multi-level crises. The aim of the article is to identify how the combination of cooperative and competitive practices influences the reproduction of European values and the formation of anti-fragile political systems. The methodological framework of the research is based on a combination of neo-institutional, spatial, and value-based approaches, as well as the use of comparative analysis, conceptual modelling, and index data to empirically illustrate the differences between decision-making centres and EU frontier regions. The theoretical analysis makes it possible to characterise the concepts of capacity, resilience, and anti-fragility and to demonstrate their functional interaction within the processes of European integration. The study demonstrates that the competitiveness of the EU’s political centres is grounded in a high level of institutional capacity and low fragility, which ensures their ability to form cooperation networks and reproduce a value-based order. At the same time, the frontiers emerge as areas of increased sensitivity to crises that function as laboratories of institutional innovation and catalysts of anti-fragile development. It is substantiated that the interaction between centres and frontiers determines the dynamics of security policy and expands opportunities for the EU’s transformation towards greater adaptability. It is concluded that the combination of cooperation and competition is not a contradiction but a mechanism for increasing the anti-fragility of European policy, while EU values are reproduced through institutional capacity, spatial interaction, practices of solidarity, commemorative experiences, educational prospects. The results obtained can be used for further research on EU enlargement policy and European Union security strategies.
competitiveness, cooperation, (anti)fragility, centres, frontiers, European values, international security, continuous education, institutional capacity, identity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ольга Волянюк, Тарас Захаров (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Distance Learning and the System of Self-Education Under Martial Law: Socio-Political Challenges
The article considers the activation of distance learning and the system of self-education due to the need to support education in martial law.The problem is considered in its connection with contemporary socio-political challenges and methods of developing political education in modern Ukraine. The methodologies of the educational process based on distance learning technologies are analysed; these methodologies provide for the existence and development of an appropriate information and communication educational environment. The factors that determine the level of effectiveness of teachers’ activities and student learning through the use of distance education technologies are identified. It is argued that contemporary educational problems have pronounced features of socio-political challenges. The advantages (individualisation of educational training; participation in several educational programmes; optimal combination of professional activity and education; encouragement of self-organisation, rational use of time, and mastery of new information technologies) and disadvantages (decline in the quality of education; lack of dialogue between students, teachers, and parents; insufficient distance learning methodology and an inadequate response from the government; the forced nature of use or, conversely, the neglect of distance learning tools; lack of prior experience; irregular working hours) of distance education are highlighted. A number of patterns in the development and intensification of human self-education are identified, as well as their role for the democratic political life of society as a whole. It is emphasised that self-educational activity is an individual’s choice regarding the nature of knowledge acquisition and is determined by their needs for intellectual, professional, and spiritual growth. The activation of the self-education system involves changes in the methods and principles of its functioning, as well as the transformation of attitudes towards this form of education on the part of both individual citizens and state institutions.
education, political education, distance learning, the phenomenon of self-education, martial law, educational changes, information technologies, socio-political challenges.
Copyright (c) 2025 Тарас Коломієць (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Architectonics of Citizenship: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations and Tools for Measuring the Effectiveness of Civic Education Systems
The article examines the complex problem of measuring the effectiveness of civic education systems within the context of global democratic turbulence and the ongoing full-scale war in Ukraine. The author substantiates the concept of the "architectonics of citizenship" as a multidimensional construct where civic quality is determined not only by cognitive indicators but by a dynamic synthesis of knowledge, values, identity, and practical participation. The study provides a critical review of dominant international measurement frameworks, including the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS), OECD global competence frameworks, and the Council of Europe’s Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture (RFCDC). It identifies conceptual limitations of these tools when applied to transitional, post-totalitarian, or crisis-affected societies. A significant portion of the research is dedicated to shifting the epistemological focus from the "citizenship-as-achievement" model toward "citizenship-as-practice" (based on Gert Biesta’s approach). This perspective recognizes young people as current citizens whose democratic learning occurs through everyday relationships and community involvement rather than just formal instruction. Furthermore, the article incorporates Jeffrey Alexander’s theory of the civil sphere and "civilian binaries" (such as truth/manipulation, solidarity/selfishness) to explain the persistent gap between high levels of theoretical knowledge and low levels of actual social trust or political participation. By analyzing the current Ukrainian legal framework, specifically the Law on the Establishment of Ukrainian National and Civic Identity, and integrating international best practices, the author proposes a "minimal measurement package" for Ukraine. This package comprises seven key components: a cognitive block (scenario-based tests), attitude and value scales, local identity assessment, participation portfolios, digital citizenship tasks, school climate evaluations, and an interpretive module for mapping "civil codes". The author concludes that in the face of existential threats, measuring civic education effectiveness serves as a vital infrastructure for national security, democratic resilience, and post-war reconstruction.
civic education, effectiveness or measurement, civic competences, civil sphere, democracy, democratic culture, Ukraine.
Copyright (c) 2025 Тимур Демчук (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence Use in Higher Education
The article examines how the rapid adoption of generative and analytical artificial intelligence systems in teaching, assessment, and the governance of higher education institutions – іntended to enhance the effectiveness of the educational process – creates not only new opportunities but also a complex set of interrelated ethical risks. The key challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence in higher education include threats to academic integrity, the opacity of algorithmic decision-making, risks of algorithmic bias and discrimination, and violations of privacy and personal data protection. Based on an analysis of contemporary international and national research, international ethical guidelines, pan-European regulatory approaches, and the national legal framework, the study demonstrates that existing regulatory mechanisms governing the use of artificial intelligence in higher education remain fragmented and largely generic in nature and do not fully account for the specific peculiarities of the university environment as a space for knowledge production and the formation of academic values. It is shown that the absence of clear institutional policies and transparent rules for the use of AI increases the risks of declining trust in educational decisions and institutional legitimacy. It is demonstrated that the absence of clear institutional policies and transparent rules governing the use of artificial intelligence exacerbates the risks of declining trust among both students and academic staff in digital learning environments, as well as undermines institutional legitimacy. The article proposes the application of an integrated three-level model for regulating the use of artificial intelligence in higher education, combining international ethical standards, national legal frameworks, and institutional policies of higher education institutions. Accordingly, it is concluded that ethically responsible use of artificial intelligence in higher education is possible only through the establishment of a comprehensive system of regulatory mechanisms aimed at ensuring algorithmic transparency, academic integrity, non-discrimination, and the protection of personal data.
artificial intelligence; higher education; public policy in the field of higher education; academic integrity; personal data protection; legal regulation
Copyright (c) 2025 Маргарита Чабанна (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Modern Approaches to Teaching Political Science in Higher Education
The article examines the transformation of methodological approaches to teaching political science in the context of contemporary global challenges and Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. It emphasizes that political education today functions as a strategic instrument of national security, cognitive resilience to propaganda and the formation of national identity. In the post-truth era, political knowledge is increasingly becoming a means of "information hygiene" and critical analysis of reality. The educational process in Ukraine is currently characterized by a number of challenges that require professional solutions. Particular attention is given to the growing urgency of restoring political science to the list of mandatory disciplines in higher education institutions since academic knowledge serves as a tool of ideological and intellectual resistance to the aggressor. The shift toward subject-subject interaction in higher education is also examined, the teacher acts as a moderator and expert rather than merely a transmitter of political knowledge. The article explores contemporary approaches and methods of teaching political science in higher education and highlights the role of interactive teaching methods in developing both hard and soft skills among students. Special attention is devoted to the principles of teaching postgraduate students (PhD), where problem-oriented and project-based learning take priority, fostering the development of research competencies. At the same time, it is noted that the implementation of these methods requires thorough preparation, clear structuring of stages and well-developed assessment criteria. Furthermore, this approach presupposes mutual readiness on the part of both the teacher and the student. In particular, the teacher must not only possess in-depth knowledge of methodological tools but also be able to adapt them to the needs of a specific audience.
political education, political science, teaching methods, interactive methods, project-based learning, post-truth era, PhD education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Марина Остапенко, Анна Карнаух, Анна Меньшеніна (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Adult Education as a Vector for Implementing State Sustainable Development Policy in the Educational Sphere of Ukraine
This article explores the phenomenon of adult education as a priority vector for implementing the state's sustainable development policy in Ukraine. Driven by global digitalization and the unprecedented challenges of full-scale war and demographic crisis, the concept of lifelong learning in Ukraine is undergoing a transformation – shifting from an individual pursuit to a critical prerequisite for national security and socio-economic resilience. The urgent need for reskilling large population groups has necessitated a revision of state management mechanisms in the educational sector over recent years. This study presents a current analysis of adult education as a component of Ukraine's state policy for sustainable development in the educational sphere and identifies prospective directions for its implementation. To this end, the research analyzes the concept of sustainable development within educational policy, determines the regulatory and legal framework of state policy in this area, and characterizes adult education within Ukraine's higher education system while identifying existing problems and prospects. The article demonstrates that adult education serves as a "soft infrastructure" for the implementation of economic, social, and environmental components of sustainable development. The study substantiates a new mission for higher education institutions as multifunctional hubs that provide scientific support for all 17 Sustainable Development Goals and adapt the workforce to the requirements of a low-carbon economy. The research concludes that despite significant progress, the adult education system in Ukraine remains fragmented and requires a comprehensive approach. Key barriers include the lack of specialized legislation, fragmented coordination, weak support for existing adult education initiatives, and a shortage of inclusive, relevant programs for vulnerable groups (IDPs, veterans, etc.). Сonsequently, the primary vector of adult education policy should be the creation of a holistic lifelong learning ecosystem aimed at developing human capital for the country's post-war recovery based on EU standards.
adult education, sustainable development, state policy, lifelong learning, human capital, higher education institutions, UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ганна Мелеганич, Сергій Махновський (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The EU Security Agenda: Crises, Dilemmas, and the Search for Solutions
The article examines the transformation of the European Union’s security agenda in the context of polycrisis and structural changes in the international order. The relevance of the topic is due to the erosion of the post-war European security architecture, the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the growing role of hybrid, technological, energy, and information threats, as well as the need to reconsider the EU’s actorness in the field of security. The aim of the study is to conceptualize the EU security agenda as a political and analytical construct shaped within a cycle of crises in which policy responses generate new strategic dilemmas and determine the further evolution of the integration project. The methodological framework is based on a comparative approach, critical analysis of contemporary academic and analytical sources, and the application of the theoretical provisions of securitization, the concept of polycrisis, and agenda-setting studies. The use of these methods made it possible to identify the interconnection between the discursive construction of threats, the institutional evolution of the EU, and the limits of integration in the security domain. The findings demonstrate that the contemporary EU security agenda is characterized by the expansion of the thematic scope of security, the securitization of economic, technological, and energy policies, and the fragmentation of institutional response mechanisms. The key types of crises are identified as those of strategic stability, the normative order and identity, transatlantic asymmetry, and energy security. It is argued that crisis is not only a destructive phenomenon but also a structural condition of European integration, opening “windows of opportunity” for reforms while simultaneously creating risks of institutional overload and political conflict. The decisive role of Ukraine in rethinking the European security architecture and in shifting the focus from a normative to a hybrid security model—combining military capabilities, societal resilience, and alliance mechanisms—is demonstrated. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the EU security agenda depends on its ability to reconcile strategic autonomy with transatlantic unity, overcome institutional fragmentation, and develop a coherent model of multidimensional security.
EU security agenda, polycrisis, securitization, strategic autonomy, European integration, hybrid threats, transatlantic relations, energy security.
Copyright (c) 2025 Іван Гуменюк (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0